Hazard and risk are not the same
A hazard is something that can cause harm, such as moving machinery, electricity, a chemical or work at height. Risk describes the chance and possible consequences of that harm.
Good decisions start with naming the hazard clearly instead of only saying that a task is dangerous.
A practical risk-assessment sequence
- Identify the task and the hazards.
- Consider who may be exposed and what could happen.
- Choose measures that reduce the risk as effectively as possible.
- Check whether the remaining risk is acceptable for the task.
- Communicate the controls and monitor whether conditions change.
Use the hierarchy of controls
Prefer measures that remove or reduce the hazard at its source before relying only on personal protection.
Eliminate or substitute
Remove the hazard or replace it with a safer method or material when possible.
Technical measures
Use guards, barriers, ventilation or other engineering controls.
Organisational measures
Use procedures, permits, planning, separation and supervision.
PPE
Use suitable personal protective equipment for the remaining risk.
What is an LMRA?
LMRA stands for Last Minute Risk Analysis. It is a short final check at the actual workplace before you start.
Repeat the check when the task, workplace, equipment, weather or people around you change.
LMRA: stop when the situation is unsafe
Ask simple questions: Do I understand the task? What can go wrong here? Are the controls present and working? Do I have the right tools and PPE? Can other people be affected? If the answer shows an uncontrolled risk, do not start until it is made safe.
Example: maintenance near moving equipment
Hazard: unexpected movement can trap or strike a worker. Risk increases if the machine is not isolated or other people can restart it.
Controls can include proper isolation, verification, barriers and communication. The LMRA confirms that these measures are actually in place before work begins.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a risk assessment and an LMRA?
A risk assessment is the broader process of identifying and controlling risks. An LMRA is a short final check at the workplace immediately before work or after conditions change.
When should I repeat an LMRA?
Repeat it when circumstances change, for example when the location, equipment, weather, team, method or surrounding activities change.
Is PPE always the first control measure?
No. Where possible, hazards should first be eliminated or reduced through substitution, technical and organisational measures. PPE protects against remaining risk.
What should I do if the risk is not controlled?
Do not start or continue the task. Make the situation safe and involve the responsible person when needed.
Apply risk thinking in practice
Continue with the course and practise questions that combine hazards, controls and safe decisions.